Metallurgy of Zirconium

Metallurgy of the U

This report describes the composition and some properties of the cast iron and wrought iron that form the dome of the U.S. Capitol. It is a compilation of two recent investigations, one by NIST and one by Lucius Pitkin, Inc. These investigations were implemented by the Office of the Architect of the Capitol to determine the dome’s condition and also to predict how the outer shell might respond ...

The Rules of Ferrous Metallurgy

The ways in which the sciences have been delineated and categorized throughout history provide insights into the formation, stabilization, and establishment of scientific systems of knowledge. The Dresdener school’s approach for explaining and categorizing the genesis of the engineering disciplines is still valid, but needs to be complemented by further-reaching methodological and theoretical r...

Cast Iron Metallurgy

Cast iron (CI) is one of the oldest materials in commercial use. It has excellent compressive strength and is commonly used for structures that require this property, as well as for water and sewer lines. This article explains CI metallurgy and why the understanding of this metallurgy is key to understanding other ferrous materials and alloys. The composition of cast iron (CI) varies significan...

Extractive metallurgy of rare earths

Although most of the rare earth metals were discovered in Sweden, the industrialisation started in the Austrian Empire. This was due to the fact that the Swedish chemist Jons Fridrik Bahr (1815–1875) from Uppsala went to Heidelberg in Germany in 1855 to analyse some rare earth minerals by the spectroscope discovered recently by chemistry professor Robert Bunsen (1811– 1899) and his colleague ph...

Crystallography Materials Science & Metallurgy